#8 World Largest & Deepest Volcanic Lake

Lake Toba in North Sumatra province, Indonesia, is the world deepest and largest volcanic lake in existence. Measuring 100 kilometres long and 30 kilometres wide, this lake offers a breathtaking panorama from every angle and altitude.  

Aside from its beautiful view, Lake Toba is the site of a supervolcanic eruption that occured 69,000-77,000 years ago. An eruption measuring 8 in the scale of VEI (Volcanic Eruption Intensity), which is the greatest eruption in the surface of the earth for the last 25 million years. 

This great eruption has spawn many hypothesis, including the Toba Catastrophe Theory. A theory which is believed by many anthropologist and archeologist to be the event that caused population bottleneck in Central Eastern Africa and India. A catastrophic event that affect the genetic inheritance of all human today.

Source:
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Toba

#7 World Largest Island in an Island

The island of Samosir inside Lake Toba, North Sumatra, is the world largest island in an island. With an area of 243 square kilometre, this island is bigger than the neighboring country, Singapore. Samosir island great size makes it visible even from outer the space.

Samosir island and its surrounding actually have a fascinating history. It lies on the greatest supervolcano in existence in the surface of earth, the Toba supervolcano. Since its cataclysmic eruption, magma has continuously refilling the empty magma chamber which uplift the Samosir island for more than 450 metres (1,476 feet).

Source:
1. 

Supervolcano: 

The Catastrophic Event That Changed the Course of Human History: Could Yellowstone Be Next. John Savino, Marie D. Jones. page 118. Career Press, 2007

#6 World Longest Island River

Kapuas river in the island of Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia, is holding the world record for the longest river on an island. Running across 1,143 kilometres (710 mile), this river flow from the Müller mountain range westward into the South China Sea. 

As the longest river in Indonesia, Kapuas offer a long array of amazing experience along its running water. Below are only some of the list :


1. Sompu Waterfall 
2. Nangmahap district - Buddhist inscribed stone from the 5th century
3. Dayak Longhouse in Melapi Village
4. Stone axes from prehistoric era in Naga Belang village


Source :
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapuas_River
2. http://www.borneotourgigant.com/Kapuas_River.html

#5 World Highest Tropical Island

Papua island in Indonesia is the highest tropical island in the world. With an area of 786,000 square kilometre this island is also the world second largest after Greenland (Denmark). What makes island of Papua unique from the Australian continent is its active volcanic geology. Although formerly joined, Papua and Australia landmass now possess a very contrasting scenery. Australia is a barren continent and Papua is a lush tropical jungle elevated high in the cloud. 

The highest point in Papua island which also makes it the highest tropical island in the world is Puncak Jaya. With an elevation of 4,884 meter, Puncak Jaya also holds a rare phenomenon, an ice cap in the tropical region of the earth. There are only three places in the equator line which has an ice cap, the Kilimanjaro mountain in Africa, the Andes Mountain range in South America and the Puncak Jaya in Papua.

Source:
1.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Guinea
2.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puncak_Jaya

#4 World Largest Archipelago

Five largest archipelagic country in the world is Indonesia, Japan, Phillippines, New Zealand and United Kingdom.

Indonesia is by far the largest archipelago, which span more than 5400 kilometre from west to east. This is an area that stretched from Ireland to Iran in the Eurasian continent or stretching from California to Bermuda in the U.S.


Source:
1. http://www.indo.com/indonesia/archipelago.html
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia

#3 World Longest Tropical Coastline

Indonesia also holds the world record for the longest tropical coastline in the world. With a span of 54,716 kilometre, Indonesia kept secret the most number of beautiful beach in the planet.

Komodo National Park Beach

Wherever the land meets the sea, it is called the coast. But this meeting is difficult to be precisely pictured as a 'line' because of tide from the sea. Another alternative term to mention this area of meeting is 'coastal zone', an area or spatial zone where physical and chemical interaction from the sea and land occurs.


Tropical coastline is a coastline (or a 'coastal zone') who receive sun shines and rain all year round. These type of coastline is the paradise for aquaculture and fishery activities, which both must be managed and separated accordingly. Different with Indonesia, Canada also possess a very long coastline, which is about 243,042 kilometres. But most of the Canadian coastline is covered with ice and snow all year round, making it invisible and accessible both on maps and in the field.  


source :
1. http://www.indexmundi.com/indonesia/coastline.html
2. http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/auth/english/learningresources/facts/coastline.html
3. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastline

#2 World Most Number of Tropical Island

As a country with the most number of tropical island in the world, Indonesia is the pearl, jade and diamond of the earth surface. As many as 17,840 island is scattered in the equator, bridging two continental landmass, as well as separating two great ocean, the Pacific and Indian ocean.

Raja Ampat Archipelago, Papua, Indonesia

But the true number of island in Indonesian archipelago seem to be a mysterious phenomenon that changes through time. According to a 2002 survey by LAPAN (National Institute of Aeronautics and Space), the number of island in Indonesia is 18,306. The amazing dynamic of geological processes happening in this archipelago is considered responsible for the changing figures.  

Source : 

1. Idris, Irwandi., Putra Ginting, Sapta., Budiman. 2007. Membangkitkan Raksasa Ekonomi, Sebuah Kajian Terhadap Perundang-Undangan Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil. Page 86. Penerbit Buku Ilmiah Populer.